Due to the history of organized crime linked with the Dark Web, Western security agencies have become greatly concerned with the potentiality of the Dark Web to be used by terrorist groups such as ISIS to propagate their narratives while remaining completely hidden from intelligence agencies, thus making it increasingly difficult to detect and arrest terrorism perpetrators or inciters of hate. The technology has also been associated with the infamous WikiLeaks, Bitcoin, and illegal goods ranging from drugs to weapons sold on the infamous Silk Road (Gehl, 2016 Malik, 2018 Weinmann, 2018). In 2015, it was linked to the hacking of the Ashley Madison database when the personal data of around 37 million clients were stolen and dumped in the Dark Web, including their e-mails, names, home addresses, and credit card information (Zetter, 2015). The Dark Web has sporadically made mainstream headlines.

The TOR Browser was later offered to the public as a free service to promote anonymous access to the internet, especially where online censorship or surveillance is high (Malik, 2018). Naval Research Laboratory “as a tool for anonymously communicating online” (Weimann, 2018, p. One way to access them is through TOR (The Onion Router), a software originally developed by the U.S. This anonymity comes from the difficulty of finding who is behind the sites since, unlike other research browsers such as Google, the Dark Web sites are not indexed by search engines (Weimann, 2016a). The Dark Web is generally understood as a place for those seeking anonymity and invisibility when the surface web is too risky to use. The structure, mechanisms, and impact of dark networks on terrorism is largely unknown for a variety of reasons, the main of which is the difficulty of collecting and accessing primary sources of data on the Dark Web. One area that has not received adequate attention in the vast academic literature surrounding extremist movements and their use of the Internet is the Dark Web, whose websites are vaguely assumed to work as hubs for terrorists, drug-traffickers, and gangs.

Issue 2: Becoming Migration Researchers.

Issue 1: Kids these days and their Social Media.

Issue 2: Desperate Dreams of Digital Democratization?.

Issue 6: Current activism and alternative media.

Tor links darkweb